Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the most common types of skin cancer in cats, particularly affecting those with white or light-colored fur. This aggressive cancer typically appears on hairless or sparsely haired areas such as the ears, eyelids, and nose. Understanding the basics of SCC in cats is crucial for early detection and effective treatment. This article provides an essential overview of SCC in cats, highlighting its significance, symptoms, diagnosis, and prevention strategies.

What is Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

Squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant tumor that originates from the squamous cells, which are found in the outer layer of the skin and mucous membranes. SCC is particularly prevalent in areas exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, making it more common in cats with less pigmented skin and sparse fur.

Causes and Risk Factors

Several factors contribute to the development of SCC in cats:

1. Sun Exposure: Prolonged exposure to UV radiation is the primary risk factor. Cats with white or light-colored fur are more susceptible because they lack the protective pigmentation.
2. Chronic Inflammation: Persistent skin irritation and inflammation can increase the risk of SCC.
3. Genetics: Some cats may have a genetic predisposition to developing SCC.

Symptoms to Watch For

Early detection of SCC is critical for successful treatment. Common signs of SCC in cats include:

• Lesions or Ulcers: Non-healing sores or ulcers on the ears, nose, or eyelids.
• Redness and Swelling: Inflamed and swollen areas, often accompanied by crusting and bleeding.
• Changes in Appearance: Discoloration or thickening of the skin in affected areas.
• Pain and Discomfort: Cats may show signs of discomfort, scratching, or rubbing the affected areas.

Diagnosing Squamous Cell Carcinoma

If you notice any suspicious lesions or changes in your cat’s skin, it is essential to seek veterinary care promptly. The diagnostic process typically includes:

• Physical Examination: A thorough examination of the skin to identify any abnormal growths or lesions.
• Biopsy: A tissue sample is taken from the suspected area and examined under a microscope to confirm the diagnosis of SCC.
• Imaging: X-rays or other imaging techniques may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other areas.

Treatment Options

The treatment of SCC in cats depends on the size, location, and extent of the tumor. Common treatment options include:

• Surgery: Surgical removal of the tumor is the primary treatment. Wide excision of the affected area is crucial to ensure complete removal and reduce the risk of recurrence.
• Cryotherapy: Freezing the tumor with liquid nitrogen can be effective for small, superficial lesions.
• Radiation Therapy: Often used in conjunction with surgery, radiation therapy helps to destroy any remaining cancer cells and reduce the risk of recurrence.
• Photodynamic Therapy: This involves applying a photosensitizing agent to the tumor and then exposing it to a specific wavelength of light to kill the cancer cells.
• Chemotherapy: Used in cases where the cancer has spread or is not amenable to other treatments. Its effectiveness varies and is typically considered a secondary option.

Prevention Strategies

Preventing SCC in cats involves reducing their exposure to known risk factors:

• Limit Sun Exposure: Keep cats indoors during peak sunlight hours and provide shaded areas if they go outside.
• Use Sunblock: Apply pet-safe sunblock to vulnerable areas, such as the ears and nose, especially in white or light-colored cats.
• Regular Check-Ups: Routine veterinary check-ups can help detect early signs of SCC and other skin conditions.

Squamous cell carcinoma in cats is a serious but preventable form of skin cancer. By understanding the risk factors, recognizing early symptoms, and seeking prompt veterinary care, cat owners can significantly improve the chances of successful treatment and enhance their pet’s quality of life. Regular monitoring and preventive measures are key to protecting your feline companion from this aggressive cancer.